Effect of aluminum on microstructure,mechanical properties and pitting corrosion resistance of ultra-pure 429 ferritic stainless steels

Effect of aluminum on microstructure, mechanical properties and pitting corrosion resistance of ultra-pure 429 ferritic stainless steels has been investigated. Aluminum can significantly increase the ratio of equiaxed crystal grains, but the promotion effect has great relation with aluminum content. Aluminum can stabilize ferrite phase and significantly reduce recrystallization temperature. Increased aluminum content can also lead to the precipitate of AlN and Al₂O₃ at higher temperature. The increased amount of AlN may partly contribute to the reduced nitrogen element to form austenite at high temperature, hence the high temperature phase transformation of α + γ → α occurs. The fine and large number of Al₂O₃ particles can refine grain size and then promote recrystallization. The highest intensity of γ-fiber texture {1 1 1}〈1 1 2〉 is observed in the steel with 0.19 wt.% aluminum, which can improve the formability of steels. With the increase of aluminum content, the tensile strength increases linearly but the elongation and plastic strain ratio first increase then decrease, the working hardening index varies slightly among the steels. Appearance of Al₂O₃ inclusions with small size and decreased content of MnS benefit pitting corrosion resistance. However, the large dimension Al₂O₃ inclusions have significantly negative influence on pitting corrosion resistance.     

交变压力环境下KH-550改性氧化石墨烯环氧涂层的失效机制

石墨烯因其优异的力学性能及热化学稳定性、较大的比表面积而在防腐涂层应用中备受关注。采用硅烷偶联剂KH550对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行表面改性,研究了改性GO对深海交变压力模拟环境下环氧涂层失效机制的影响。利用TEM和沉降实验观察了GO粉末的分散性及其与环氧树脂的相容性;利用重量法、附着力测试和拉伸测试研究了涂层的防护性能;利用OCP和EIS研究了涂层在交变压力下的失效历程。结果表明：KH550改性GO涂层在抗渗透性、强韧性、附着力等方面均有明显提高。添加改性GO减少了涂层的表面缺陷,更加致密的涂层结构有效阻碍了溶液的扩散。改性GO与环氧树脂结合良好的界面可延缓交变压力的破坏作用,从而延长了涂层在交变压力环境下的使役寿命。     

Increase of secondary electron yield of amorphous carbon coatings under high vacuum conditions

Electron cloud (e-cloud) is one of the major limitations for beam quality in modern particle accelerators. The macroscopic property which governs this phenomenon is the secondary electron yield (SEY) of a surface, defined as the number of emitted electrons per incident electron. SEY of inner surface walls must be less than 1.3 to prevent the formation of an e-cloud. Although most pure metals possess an SEY within this range, technical surfaces (i.e. those resulting from the necessary machining to produce vacuum parts) typically display much higher SEY. An elegant and effective solution to this problem is to deposit the carbon coating on these surfaces by magnetron sputtering. However, the first measurements performed at CERN revealed an increase of the SEY as a function of long term air exposure. Furthermore, we observed a rapid increase of the SEY of these samples whilst under high vacuum conditions. In order to determine the contaminant responsible for the observed ageing, as well as the ageing mechanism, the samples were exposed to various gases and vapours such as water vapour, H₂, rotary pump oil vapour, etc. The results confirm that the vapour of rotary pump oils is responsible for exceptionally fast sample ageing. We also observed that high SEY samples usually have an increased surface concentration of oxygen. The possible ageing mechanisms are discussed.     

Experimental and numerical studies on corrosion failure of a three-limb pipe in natural gas field

A bursting incident occurred in a three-limb pipe, having 16Mn steel for the main pipe and 316L + L416 composite metal for the branch pipe, in a natural gas field. The failure analysis was performed by means of inspection, experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The CFD results indicated the radical change in the flow characteristics inside the three-limb pipe due to its upright structure and the formation of a low vortex in the downstream near the junction, which indicated the condensation of water vapor containing high salinity. The condensed brine saturated with CO₂ adhered to the inner wall surface of the main pipe. In such a corrosive medium, 16Mn steel acts as an anode and is preferentially corroded due to galvanic corrosion. In addition, the downstream area, covered by low vortex, exhibited high shear stress and droplet impingement stress, resulting in an increase in flow erosion. Thus, the failure of the three-limb pipe can be attributed to the synergistic effect of galvanic corrosion and flow erosion.     

Microstructural,mechanical and tribological properties of Al–7Si–(0–5)Zn alloys

A series of Al–7Si–(0–5)Zn alloys were produced by permanent mould casting and their microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties were investigated in as-cast state. The microstructure of Al–7Si alloy consisted of α-Al dendrites surrounded by eutectic Al–Si mixture and a small amount of primary silicon particles. Addition of zinc into Al–7Si alloy resulted in the formation of α-solid solution and an increase in size and volume fraction of primary silicon particles. Moreover, these particles gathered inside interdendritic regions of the ternary Al–7Si–Zn alloys. The density, strength and hardness of Al–7Si–Zn alloys increased continuously with increasing zinc content, but their elongation to fracture and impact energy showed a reverse trend. It was also observed that zinc had no significant effect on the friction coefficient of the alloys, but their wear volume decreased with increasing zinc content up to 4%, above which the trend reversed. The wear surfaces of the alloys were characterized mainly by smearing layer with some degree of oxidation. In addition, delamination and fine scratches were observed on the worn surface. It was concluded that the addition of zinc up to 4% improves both mechanical and wear behaviour of Al–7Si alloy.     

Microstructure and oxidation behaviour of Ir-rich Ir–Al binary alloys

In the current study, alloys of Ir–11Al, Ir–23Al, Ir–30Al, Ir–41Al and Ir–45Al (at.%) were prepared to investigate the microstructure and oxidation behaviour of Ir-rich Ir–Al alloys. Ir(Al)_ss and/or β-IrAl intermetallic phases were found to exist in the prepared alloys. During isothermal oxidation at 1100 °C, the Ir(Al)_ss and β-IrAl individually changed to porous and dense Al₂O₃. The microstructure of the oxide scale formed on Ir–23Al was similar to that of its former alloy which possessed a dendrite-like configuration. It was found that the mass change of Ir–45Al followed a parabolic law, showing the best oxidation resistance among the Ir–Al alloys.     

Corrosion of high‐velocity oxy‐fuel (HVOF) sprayed iron‐based amorphous metallic coatings for marine pump in sodium chloride solutions

FeCrMoMnWBCSi amorphous metallic coatings (AMCs) were deposited onto the 304 stainless steel (base material of pump impeller operated in sand‐containing seawater) by high‐velocity oxygen‐fuel (HVOF) thermal spray. The preparation, microstructural characteristics, and static corrosion behavior of the AMCs were presented. The microstructure and corrosion behavior of the AMCs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and electrochemical methods. Melt‐spun ribbon and 304 stainless steel were also used for comparison purposes. The results indicated that the AMCs can spontaneously passivate with a wide passive region, and much higher ability to withstand pitting corrosion than that of the 304 stainless steel for the high pitting resistance equivalent value. The passive current density of the AMCs was at least two orders of magnitude higher than the counterpart ribbon, which showed a slightly decreased uniform corrosion resistance of the AMCs due to the incompact structure and porosity. The corrosion resistance of the AMCs increased with the coating thickness and decreased with the concentration of NaCl solution. A stable passivation ability held in the AMCs endowed them suitably used in marine environments.     

浇注模对Mg-11Gd-3Y镁合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学测量、扫描电镜观察、X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱分析对消失模铸造和金属型铸造Mg-11Gd-3Y镁合金的腐蚀行为的影响进行研究.由于冷却速度的差异使得消失模铸造Mg-11Gd-3Y镁合金的Mg24(Gd,Y)5相数量明显比金属型铸造Mg-11Gd-3Y镁合金的少,其固溶于基体中的合金化元素明显高于金属型铸造M...     

Effect of Gold on the Corrosion Behavior of an Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold Surface Finish

The performance of surface finishes as a function of the pH of the utilized plating solution was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization tests in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. In addition, the surface finishes were examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), and the contact angle of the liquid/solid interface was recorded. NiP films on copper substrates with gold coatings exhibited their highest coating performance at pH 5. This was attributed to the films having the highest protective efficiency and charge transfer resistance, lowest porosity value, and highest contact angle among those examined as a result of the strongly preferred Au(111) orientation and the improved surface wettability.